Abbreviations

Abbreviation
Summary
AEL
Aligned Energy Limited
ASEAN
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials
CDM
Clean Development Mechanism
CEN
European Committee for Standardization
CFB
circulating fluidized bed
CFP
Certified forest product
CHP
combined heat and power
CIF
Cost, insurance and freight
CO2
Carbon dioxide
CoC
Chain-of-custody
CSIRO
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation in Australia
d.b.
dry basis
daf
dry ash-free fuel
DMT
Dry mass tonnes
DOE
US Department of Energy
EC
European Commission
ECN
Energy Research Foundation (the Netherlands)
ESP
electrostatic precipitator
ETS
Emission Trading Scheme
EU
European Union
FAO
Food and Agriculture Organisation (of the United Nations)
FBC
fluidized bed combustion
FEED
Front End Engineering and Design
FID
Final Investment Decision
FIT
Feed in Tariff
FOB
Free on Board
FSC
Forest Stewardship Council
GCV
Gross calorific value
GDP
Gross domestic product
GHG
Greenhouse gas
GJ
Gigajoule
GW
1,000 MW
GWh
Gigawatts hour
GWP
global warming potential
ha
hectare
hEN
Harmonised European Norms
HHV
Higher Heating Value
HYB
High Yield Biomass
IEA
International Energy Agency
IGCC
Integrated gasification combined cycle
IMF
International Monetary Fund
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
ITTO
International Tropical Timber Organization
JPY
Japanese Yen
kW
Kilowatts (a measure of power)
kWh
kilowatt Hours (a measure of energy)
LCA
Life cycle analysis
LCOE
Levelised cost of electricity
LHV
Lower Heating Value
LLCR
Loan (Life) Cover Ratio
(L)RET
(Large) Renewable Energy Target
LRMC
Long Run Marginal Cost
SRMC
Short Run Marginal Cost
m.t.
metric ton
m2
square metre
m3
cubic metre
MDF
medium density fibreboard
METI
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan)
[M]RET
[Mandatory] Renewable Energy Target
MSW
Metropolitan Solid Waste
MW
Megawatts
MWe
Megawatt (electrical)
MWh
Megawatt hours (a measure of energy)
MWth
Megawatt thermal
NCV
net calorific value
NREL
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (of the United States)
(N)RET
(National) Renewable Energy Target
NETL
National Energy Technology Laboratory
NGO
non governmental organisation
ODMT
Oven dried metric tonne
ODT
Oven dried ton (US short ton of 2,000 lbs)
OECD
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
ORC
organic Rankine cycle
OSB
oriented strand board
PC
pulverized coal
PEFC
Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification
PF
pulverized fuel
PJ
petajoule
ppm
parts per million
RDF
residue derived fuel
RE
renewable energy
REC
Renewable Energy Certificate
REDD
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
RES
renewable energy source
RES-E
renewable energy source electricity
RET
Renewable Energy Target
ROC
Renewable Obligation Certificate (UK)
RPS
Renewable Portfolio Standard
SFI
Sustainable Forestry Initiative
SFM
sustainable forest management
SRC
Short rotation coppice
t
metric tonnes
tpa
tonnes per annum
UN
United Nations
UNFCCC
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
USC
ultra-supercritical
US-EPA
US Environmental Protection Agency
VOC
volatile organic components
w.b.
wet basis
WHO
World Health Organization
wt%
weight per cent
λcombustion air ratio